4th Grader Writes on Mom’s Cancer
















A tear rolled down Veronica Marion-Rawlins‘s cheek when she discovered there weren’t ample resources that could help her explain her breast cancer diagnosis to her then four-year-old son. The single mom and her son, James “Trey” Rawlins III, searched everywhere – from local booksellers to online retailers – for reading materials that could help them better understand the journey they were about to embark on together. When they ended up with nothing,Trey decided to write a book himself.


Five years later, Trey, now age nine and a fourth-grader at Edgewood Magnet School in New Haven, Conn., is a published author, with help from a $ 1,000 donation from Howard University Hospital, in Washington, D.C., and his mom’s credit cards. “When Mommy Came Home” is targeted toward children ages four to seven. By word-of-mouth the book, available for $ 10 through his mother, became so popular among local schools, clinics and hospitals that it is now sold out. The mother-son team hopes that with donations, they will be able to order more books that can be distributed to the people and places that may need them most.













In his book Trey writes how his mom “would see Nurse Karen for her treatments … she’d sit in a big comfy chair … eat treats and snacks and sometimes do her nails.” Although he wasn’t able to accompany his mom around the hospital, “I waited until she came home” and the two would nap on the couch. Trey recounts helping his mom by doing “little jobs” like dusting or emptying out the trash. The book contains over 20 illustrations from Jean Marie Sanchez of Hamden, a children’s book writer and illustrator.


Having only ordered 100 initial copies, Marion-Rawlins said she did not expect the book to garner all the attention it has. Hospitals and clinics as far as Augusta, Ga., are now requesting copies. Although she admitted to “maxing out my credit card” to finance the book, Marion-Rawlins hopes that the book will get picked up by more publishing outlets.


“We’re not looking to make a profit,” Marion-Rawlins, currently an education consultant for the State Education Resource Center in Connecticut, said. “We want to donate them to hospitals, so when other moms are diagnosed, now they’ll have a tool that I didn’t have. So if they have a young child, they’ll know what to expect.”


Marion-Rawlins, whose son was in school when ABC News spoke with her, said both she and her son have had an amazing journey. Neither expected the outcome “to be so big.”


Although she is now happy to report, “I’m doing great,” Marion-Rawlins was diagnosed back in 2007. The former first-grade teacher said the first thing she asked the hospital social workers for was a children’s book.


“She came back with really technical medical pamphlets and I thought to myself, ‘No, this isn’t going to do it,’” Marion-Rawlins said. “I figured that if I could just show him in a book with pictures what Mommy was going to go through and that we’re going to be O.K., then it would be O.K.”


In “When Mommy Came Home,” the “adventures” between mother and son during the treatment help drive the book forward and show readers that the little moments are what helped them get through the ordeal.


“He had always wanted to wear a [beanie] that he saw his older cousins wearing, so when I lost my hair, we wore matching ones,” she said.


When her taste buds changed, Marion-Rawlins recommended her son “eat everything Mommy can’t eat anymore,” and after her treatment, when her body ached so much she couldn’t walk to her bedroom upstairs, she and Trey pretended to be in the wilderness and “camped out” in their living room.


But Marion-Rawlins said although the book is a team effort, her son really takes the spotlight for his proactive attitude that was initially triggered when more and more families began to share their stories, asking Trey to talk to other children about his experience. When the mother of Trey’s friends across the street was diagnosed with breast cancer last year, Trey was more than willing to talk to them about what he was going through.


Karen Underwood, aka Nurse Karen, told ABC News that she was “speechless” when she learned she was a character in the book. Underwood’s role was to administer Marion-Rawlins’ chemotherapy and “assess and take care of her.”


“I think this will definitely have a positive impact on children,” said Underwood, a registered nurse at Yale New Haven. “That population goes through a lot of stuff and many parents wonder what’s going to happen to their children.”


Trey’s main focus during this time was “being brave,” and Marion-Rawlins said she is “blown away” by her son’s care and compassion. The young author has been asked to speak to other children and parents in the community and Marion-Rawlins said instead of getting nervous like most other kids his age, he doesn’t shy away because he “knows it’s going to help other moms and children.”


Jennifer Quirk, library media specialist at Trey’s school, said although they do have children’s literature on breast cancer and other diseases, many of the material is non-fiction and “doesn’t talk about real people going through the experience.” Quirk said this will be the first book in the school’s library that chronicles a personal experience.


“It’s always a taboo subject, so having literature like this will help to make it something that parents can talk about with their kids,” Quirk said.


Andrea Seigerman, LCSW, of the Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale New-Haven, said there is still a great need for materials for “children of all ethnic groups and of all educational levels.” Seigerman worked closely with Marion-Rawlins as her social worker during her treatment at Yale.


“There is a real need for easily understandable, easily communicated information from parents – both mothers and fathers going through cancer treatment – to children,” Seigerman, who was with Marion-Rawlins since day one, said. “It touches on a universal need – the idea that a little boy or girl can look at a book and feel that they’re not the only one who’s going through this.”


“Parents want to protect and inform them, but many aren’t sure how to do that,” Seigerman said. “So the most important outcome of this book is that it will help other parents feel comfortable opening up about this topic with their children.”


But the mother-and-son duo’s journey doesn’t end here. Marion-Rawlins, who has a niece who wears a cochlear implant because of a hearing impairment, said they are currently discussing the possibilities of writing a second book about her to “provide awareness regarding that community.”


“[Trey] knows what it feels like to be different,” Marion-Rawlins said. “I think it’s so important to share with children what’s going on at a level they can understand.”


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U.S. backs Israeli response to Gaza attacks

Israeli soldiers ride on top of an armored personnel carrier close to the Israel-Gaza border, in southern Israel. …The White House on Thursday threw its full support behind Israel's military response to a barrage of rockets fired by the Islamist Palestinian movement Hamas that rules the Gaza Strip. Deputy National Security Adviser for Strategic Communications Ben Rhodes said it would be "up to the Israeli government" whether to follow up punishing airstrikes with a ground assault.


"Our view is that the Israelis have the right of self-defense when their citizens are faced with the threat of indiscriminate rocket fire from within Gaza," Rhodes told reporters on a conference call.


Asked whether the Obama administration would have any issues with an Israeli ground assault, Rhodes replied that "ultimately, it's up to the Israeli government to make determinations about how they're going to carry out their military objectives."


The Associated Press has reported that Hamas fired more than 200 rockets on Thursday, killing three people, and that Israel seemed to be gearing up for a ground invasion of Gaza. The escalating conflict amounted to President Barack Obama's first major foreign policy test since winning re-election Nov. 6. Rhodes said American officials were in close consultation with their Israeli counterparts "to have an understanding of their plans going forward." The Obama administration has been in discussions with Turkey, Egypt and "some of our European partners," he said, thought to have sway over Hamas in order to get them to urge the militant organization to halt its rocket attacks.


"At the United Nations, where this is being discussed, we've sought to keep the focus where it should be—which is on Hamas's rocket fire as the precipitating cause here," Rhodes explained.


"What we've also said is that the best course of action would be for there to be a general de-escalation of the violence, but that the onus is on Hamas—and those with influence over Hamas—to help bring about that de-escalation, so that we don't see a widening conflict," he told reporters. "So we certainly want to see a de-escalation, we certainly want to see a broader conflict avoided."


The official noted that the White House has urged Israel to take "all steps ... to avoid civilian casualties." He added, "And we deeply regret the loss of life on the Israeli and Palestinian side."


Israeli Ambassador to the United States Michael Oren briefed key senators on the operation. The lawmakers—Democrats and Republicans—released a joint statement expressing "solidarity" with Israel while warning that "escalation will only lead to further suffering on both sides."


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France urges Mali to step up talks with rebels
















PARIS (AP) — France‘s president called Thursday for stepped-up talks between Mali’s government and any leaders from its breakaway north “who reject terrorism,” even as African nations geared up for a possible military operation against Islamic extremists there.


President Francois Hollande‘s comments suggested a growing openness to dialogue with the extremists, but he remained committed to supporting the military planning effort.













Northern Mali fell to Islamic extremists in April, after coup leaders toppled the government in Bamako, Mali‘s capital. Fearing that northern Mali could become the latest hotbed of terrorism, France has been a driving force in international efforts to bolster Mali’s army to drive the Islamists from power.


Hollande spoke with interim Mali President Dioncounda Traore by phone on Thursday, partly to detail European efforts to help strengthen Mali’s army.


In recent days, representatives from the most moderate of three al-Qaida-linked groups that control northern Mali have been meeting with Burkina Faso‘s president, appointed as a mediator.


“France reiterates its wish that political dialogue will intensify between Malian authorities and representatives of northern populations who reject terrorism,” Hollande’s office said in a statement. “The acceleration of this dialogue must accompany the progress in African military-planning efforts.”


Earlier this week, the African Union approved a plan that calls for 3,300 African troops to be deployed in order to win back Mali’s north. European countries including France and Germany have expressed a willingness to provide military trainers and logistics support, but have stopped short of committing combat troops.


France, like many European countries, fears that the arid, northern Sahel region of Mali could become a breeding ground for terrorism, where al-Qaida and its allies could plot hostage-takings and attacks in Europe or beyond.


France has millions of people whose families hail from former French colonies in north and west Africa. Authorities have long been concerned that French-born militants could travel abroad for terrorism training and return home later to possibly carry out attacks.


French authorities are already investigating two French citizens who were arrested in Mali and neighboring Niger and are suspected of seeking to join up with the al-Qaida-linked extremists, a judicial official told The Associated Press.


Ibrahim Ouattara, a 24-year-old native of the northern Paris suburb of Aubervilliers who has dual French and Malian nationality, was arrested inside Mali this month and remains in custody there, the official said.


Separately, a 27-year-old Frenchman was arrested in August in Niger and has since been handed over to authorities in France, the official said, speaking on condition of anonymity because she was not authorized to discuss terrorism cases publicly.


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GameStop profit beats forecast; cautiously eyes holiday
















SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) – GameStop Corp, the world’s largest retailer of videogame products, reported a stronger-than-expected profit on Thursday but lowered its sales forecast for this year due to uncertainty around the holiday shopping season as the video game market struggles.


Grapevine, Texas-based GameStop forecast same-store sales in 2012 would drop 6 percent to 9 percent, compared with a 2 to 10 percent decline projected previously.













“We’ve continued to find new ways to drive revenues and margins in our stores and that’s enabled us to hold on to some earnings in these difficult times,” Chief Financial Officer Rob Lloyd said in an interview.


“We’re still a little bit cautious in that it’s a difficult environment in which to forecast because the industry has been down,” Lloyd said. “And we’ve got uncertainty surrounding what the supply of the (Nintendo)Wii U is going to be.”


Nintendo Co Ltd is gearing up to launch its Wii U video game console on November 18. It is the first new home console device to be sold by a major gaming company in more than six years.


GameStop hopes the start of a new console cycle with the Wii U launch and just-released high quality games like Microsoft Corp’s “Halo 4″ and Activision Blizzard’s “Call of Duty: Black Ops II” will boost hardware and software sales this holiday season.


GameStop’s shares rose 4.25 percent to $ 24.48 in afternoon trading on the New York Stock Exchange.


Sterne Agee analyst Arvind Bhatia said investors seem more comfortable now with the company’s recent efforts to drive profitability.


In the last two years, the company has been tackling decelerating video game sales in a tough market by diversifying its revenue sources, selling electronics like tablets, digital video games and used games.


The games retailer said it had repurchased stock worth $ 76.8 million in the third quarter and announced that its board had approved a new $ 500 million share buy-back plan to replace its existing $ 242 million repurchase plan. It also announced a quarterly dividend of 25 cents, same as last quarter.


The company reported adjusted net earnings per share of 38 cents in the third quarter, beating analysts’ expectations of 32 cents.


“Earnings per share was quite impressive, driven by gross margins being strong and cost control,” Sterne Agee’s Bhatia said.


GameStop said it expects comparable store sales to range between down 7 percent and up 1 percent in the fourth quarter. It forecast earnings per share between $ 2.07 to $ 2.27 for the period.


Sales of traditional videogame products such as consoles have been pressured globally by lower-priced online offerings and gamers spending more time on tablet computers and cell phones.


Total U.S. sales of videogame software in October dropped 25 percent from a year ago, following a similar trend throughout the third quarter, according to a report by market research firm NPD.


GameStop said sales fell 8.9 percent to $ 1.77 billion. Analysts were expecting sales of $ 1.79 billion, according to Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S.


Adjusted earnings were $ 47.2 million, compared with $ 53.9 million a year ago. The company maintained its previously announced full-year earnings outlook of between $ 3.10 per share to $ 3.30 per share.


(Reporting by Malathi Nayak; editing by John Wallace, Maureen Bavdek, David Gregorio and Dan Grebler)


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ABC Adapting Disney Theme-Park Ride for “Big Thunder Mountain” Pilot
















LOS ANGELES (TheWrap.com) – ABC found ratings success by adapting Disney‘s finest fairy tales into the one-hour drama series “Once Upon a Time,” so it’s not surprising that the network has turned to a theme-park ride from its parent company for inspiration as well.


Popular roller coaster Big Thunder Mountain Railroad is being adapted for a television pilot by the Disney-owned network, an individual with knowledge of the situation told TheWrap.













Chris Morgan (“Wanted,” “Fast Five”) will co-write the story with “Ice Age: Continental Drift’s” Jason Fuchs, who will write the teleplay. ABC has ordered a script from ABC Studios, the individual said.


No word on what the show will have in common with the ride, but if it sticks with the theme presented to visitors at parks in California, Florida, Paris and Tokyo, it should have something to do with a mining town being destroyed by a natural disaster after settlers desecrate sacred Native American land.


Two other film projects have been developed based on Disney rides, “Pirates of the Caribbean” and 2003′s not-equally-successful “The Haunted Mansion.”


Morgan is represented by ICM Partners and McKuin Frankel, while Fuchs is repped by WME and Brookside and Bloom Hergott.


The Hollywood Reporter first broke the news on “Big Thunder Mountain.”


TV News Headlines – Yahoo! News



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People overestimate benefits of prevention
















NEW YORK (Reuters Health) – Patients asked to estimate how many lives would be saved through cancer screening or how many hip fractures can be prevented with bone-building medication mostly overestimate the benefits of these preventive measures, according to a survey of New Zealanders.


Annette O’Connor of the University of Ottawa, who studies how patients weigh risk and make decisions, said she would expect that people would overvalue any given prevention effort.













“Most people would overestimate because they’re told about their benefits, but with no numbers…so why would you think that it’s going to be really low?” said O’Connor, who was not involved in the new study.


Doctors, nurses and others who communicate health information often don’t detail how much a given test or drug can help, but only say that people ought to have it, O’Connor told Reuters Health.


“I think it’s led to more people taking part in screening or availing themselves of preventive medication than would have been the case if they were presented the information in more meaningful terms,” said Dr. Ben Hudson, the new study’s lead author and a professor at the University of Otago in Christchurch, New Zealand.


“I would also be concerned that it’s led to people having over-heightened expectations of what these things can achieve, and that may lead to disappointment when the inevitable breast cancer happens despite screening,” he added.


Hudson said that in talking with his patients about screening, he found they were surprised by how small the benefits were.


To get a broader sense of patients’ expectations for preventive measures, Hudson and his colleagues asked 354 people about the benefits of breast cancer screening with mammography, bowel cancer screening with stool testing, taking antihypertension medication and taking bone-strengthening medication.


Specifically, participants were asked to imagine scenarios in which 5,000 people between ages 50 and 70 undergo one of these preventive interventions for 10 years, then asked how many “events” the participants thought would be avoided as a result of the measure.


For three of the four interventions in the survey, the event to be avoided was death and in the case of bone drugs, it was hip fracture.


For breast cancer screening, only seven percent of the participants answered in the correct range of one to five lives being saved with screening, whereas 90 percent overestimated how many lives would be saved. Fully a third thought that 1,000 deaths would be averted.


The numbers were similar for bowel cancer screening, which is thought to save five to 10 lives for every 5,000 people tested, Hudson’s group reports in the Annals of Family Medicine.


Eighty-two percent of participants overestimated the number of fractures prevented by bone-strengthening medication, which in reality is about 50 for every 5,000 patients given the drug.


And 69 percent of participants reported that 500 or more lives would be saved if 5,000 people took blood pressure medication, when the correct range should have been 50 to 100.


“It’s probably unreasonable to expect people to make an accurate guess at the absolute number (of lives saved or fractures prevented), but what we found was a consistent trend toward higher levels,” Hudson told Reuters Health.


“I don’t think most patients are likely to have access to good numerical data presented in a simple and informative way. I think that’s part of the problem here,” he said.


The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issues screening recommendations and other guidelines for disease prevention, which doctors, nurses and public health groups often consult when counseling patients.


A survey of U.S. physicians found that most of them don’t fully grasp what the numbers mean when it comes to cancer screening (see Reuters Health story of March 5, 2012).


O’Connor said that when health care professionals repeat these guidelines to patients, they often don’t include the numbers when talking about benefits or they only refer to something called the “relative risk.”


The relative risk describes the change in a person’s chances of developing a disease, but it does not give any sense of how much risk that person had to begin with.


For example, a “50 percent reduction in risk” may be less significant than it sounds if a person’s absolute risk for a condition – how likely they are to develop it at some point in life – was originally five percent, and drops to 2.5 percent.


“Professionals and people who provide health information need to know absolute benefits,” O’Connor said.


The relative risk of dying from breast cancer is 17 percent lower among a population of women aged 50 to 69 who get screened, compared to women who do not get screened, for instance.


But in absolute terms, that means that instead of 23 in 100,000 women dying of breast cancer, screening would reduce that number to 19 in 100,000 women.


Hudson said that one of the potential problems that can arise when people overvalue a test is that if recommendations are scaled back because of insufficient benefits, people get upset.


In 2009, for instance, the USPSTF changed its guidelines for regular mammograms from beginning at age 40 to beginning at 50, because the number of lives saved through screening during that extra decade of life was too small compared to the potential harms from the screening itself and follow-up procedures.


A survey of women at the time found that most of them considered the new guidelines to be “unsafe,” at least in part because they feared that insurers would no longer cover screening for women in their 40s who wanted it.


“The other thing that happens when you have an established screening program for which people have heightened expectations, it becomes very politically difficult to make any changes insofar as recommending reduced access, even when the evidence is pretty convincing that the outcomes are better,” said Hudson.


Hudson advocated for better informing patients of the benefits and harms of any preventive intervention.


“I have a feeling this would all be easier if we could present (patients) with this information, trust them with their decisions and support them in doing so,” he said.


SOURCE: http://bit.ly/XINd5u Annals of Family Medicine, November/December 2012.


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Clinton-Lewinsky 'spinners' resurface

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - It's a case of déjà vu in D.C.: some of the same high-profile, high-priced handlers who played supporting roles in the scandal over President Bill Clinton's affair with intern Monica Lewinsky have re-emerged in the sex scandal that has toppled one U.S. national security chief and threatens another.


It is unclear what will be the roles of the expensive legal and crisis-management talent drawn into the uproar over the relationships between former CIA director David Petraeus and Marine General John Allen and two female acquaintances. Neither Republicans nor Democrats in Congress appear to have an appetite for another year-long Monica-style media spectacle.


The latest scandal began with an FBI investigation into cyber-harassment, and indications so far are that ultimately the inquiry will produce no criminal charges.


Nonetheless, both women at the center of attention - Petraeus biographer and former mistress Paula Broadwell and Tampa socialite Jill Kelley, the woman to whom Broadwell is alleged to have sent suspected harassing emails - have turned for advice to veteran Washington lawyers and spin doctors with connections to the Lewinsky brouhaha.


On Monday, a source close to the Kelley family said that two Washington-based players in the Lewinsky scandal, trial lawyer Abbe Lowell and public relations adviser Judy Smith, were working for Kelley.


A day later, a Washington law firm which represented Lewinsky herself confirmed that one of its partners, Robert F. Muse, was representing Broadwell. The three advisors either were unavailable for comment or declined to comment.


It is not known whether Petraeus or Allen, who is the top U.S. military commander in Afghanistan, have retained attorneys.

 

A complaint by Kelley to the FBI about the harassing emails sparked an investigation that implicated Petraeus in a career-ending affair with Broadwell.


It also embroiled Kelley herself in the uproar over her still-murky relationship with Allen.


Kelley's lawyer, Lowell, who an insider said she had known for years, served as pro-Clinton Democratic Party chief counsel on a House impeachment inquiry. Recently he won a partial acquittal and partial mistrial for John Edwards, a former Democratic U.S. senator and vice presidential candidate who had been indicted for misusing undeclared campaign funds to support his mistress.


During the Clinton sex scandal, Smith, a one-time press aide to President George H.W. Bush, served as Lewinsky's spokeswoman. Smith also represented NFL quarterback Michael Vick, who was charged and convicted in a dogfighting cruelty case.


Smith also is a model for the main character in the ABC-TV drama "Scandal," a prime-time series in which ace spin-doctor Olivia Pope, along with a team of spies and ex-convicts, not only manages to sort out or cover up sex and spy scandals but also carries on a secret affair with a fictional U.S. president.


Muse's senior partner, Jacob Stein, and another prominent criminal lawyer from a different firm, Plato Cacheris, represented Lewinsky personally in a criminal investigation of Clinton by special prosecutor Kenneth Starr and a congressional inquiry which led to Clinton's impeachment by the House of Representatives but subsequent acquittal by the Senate. Muse himself did not represent Lewinsky, according to Cacheris.


Starr and a substantial special prosecution team pursued Clinton during the Lewinsky scandal. Starr turned his evidence over to the Republican-controlled House, which in a nationally televised broadcast impeached Clinton for high crimes and misdemeanors.


But Republicans could not muster the two-thirds majority in the Senate needed to remove Clinton from office. Republicans later were punished at the polls for what many of them conceded was a perceived overzealousness in pursuing Clinton.


CONGRESS WARY OF SPECTACLE


Lewinsky's lawyers were critical in helping her negotiate a legal thicket that included dealing with Starr's criminal investigators and the impeachment inquiry launched by Congress; she testified in both investigations. Lewinsky was also besieged for months by the media; eventually her team arranged decorous interviews with U.S. and British television networks.


Mindful of how the Lewinsky scandal played out, officials familiar with the views of both senior Democrats and Republicans in Congress say that congressional leaders are keen to avoid turning the scandal into a public extravaganza, even though there remain many unanswered questions.


If there are no public congressional hearings or a criminal prosecution, it is unclear what Broadwell's and Kelley's legal and public relations teams would do, apart from trying to manage news coverage and the hordes of paparazzi and TV cameramen now outside their clients' homes.


Lewinsky's lawyer, Cacheris, told Reuters that from what he could see, at this point Broadwell and Kelley do not know if there will be any charges against them. "These people are getting lawyers to ensure there is no criminal case," he added.


But Eric Dezenhall, a Washington crisis management expert, said some clients did not understand that there was a limit to how much even the most skilled lawyer and public relations specialist could do.


"You have to be very selective in the cases you take because you're going to end up with some very disgruntled clients," Dezenhall said.


(Editing by Warren Strobel and Paul Simao)

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Egypt recalls envoy to Israel after Gaza strike
















CAIRO (AP) — Egypt has recalled its ambassador to Israel after an Israeli airstrike killed the military commander of Gaza‘s ruling Hamas.


In a statement read on state TV late Wednesday, spokesman Yasser Ali said that President Mohammed Morsi recalled the ambassador and asked the Arab League‘s Secretary General to convene an emergency ministerial meeting in the wake of the Gaza violence.













Morsi also called for an immediate cease fire between Israel and Hamas, an offshoot of Morsi’s Muslim Brotherhood. Israel says it struck in response to rocket attacks from Gaza.


Hours earlier, Morsi’s Muslim Brotherhood group denounced the Israeli airstrike as a “crime that requires a quick Arab and international response to stem these massacres.”


Relations between Israel and Egypt have deteriorated since longtime President Hosni Mubarak was ousted last year.


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Judge tosses anti-paparazzi counts in Bieber case
















LOS ANGELES (AP) — A law aimed at combating reckless driving by paparazzi is overly broad and should not be used against the first photographer charged under its provisions, a judge ruled Wednesday.


Superior Court Judge Thomas Rubinson dismissed counts filed under the law against Paul Raef, who was charged in July with being involved in a high-speed pursuit of Justin Bieber.













The judge cited numerous problems with the 2010 statute, saying it was aimed at newsgathering activities protected by the First Amendment, and lawmakers should have simply increased the penalties for reckless driving rather than targeting celebrity photographers.


Attorneys for Raef argued the law was unconstitutional and wasn’t meant to protect the public.


“It’s about protecting celebrities,” attorney Brad Kasierman said. “This discrimination sets a dangerous precedent.”


Prosecutors argued that the law, which seeks to punish those who drive dangerously in pursuit of photos for commercial gain, could apply to people in other professions, not just the media.


“The focus is not the photo. The focus is on the driving,” Assistant City Attorney Ann Rosenthal argued.


While the media is granted freedom under the First Amendment, its latitude to gather news is not unlimited, Rosenthal argued.


“This activity has been found to be particularly dangerous,” she said of chases involving paparazzi.


Raef still faces traditional reckless driving counts and has not yet entered a plea,


Prosecutors claim he chased Bieber at more than 80 mph and forced other motorists to avoid collisions while trying to get shots of the teen heartthrob on a Los Angeles freeway.


The chase prompted several 911 calls from scared motorists and led to Bieber being pulled over.


Rubinson cited hypothetical examples in which wedding photographers or even those rushing to do a portrait shoot with a celebrity could face additional penalties if charged under the new statute.


Rosenthal also argued that the judge should look at factors specific to Raef’s case, not hypothetical scenarios.


Kaiserman said the ruling only applies to Raef’s case but could lead to the law being struck down if prosecutors appeal.


___


Anthony McCartney can be reached at http://twitter.com/mccartneyAP


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Scientists identify new risk gene for Alzheimer’s
















CHICAGO (Reuters) – Two international teams of scientists have identified a rare mutation in a gene linked with inflammation that significantly increases the risk for the most common form of Alzheimer’s disease, the first such discovery in at least a decade.


The findings, published on Wednesday in the New England Journal of Medicine, offer new insights into the underpinnings of Alzheimer’s, a deadly, brain-wasting disease that robs people of their memories, their independence and their lives.













In separate studies, teams led by privately held deCode Genetics and John Hardy of University College London found that people with a mutation in a gene called TREM2 were four times as likely to have Alzheimer’s as people who did not have the gene.


“It quadruples the risk of Alzheimer’s,” said Dr. Kari Stefansson of Reykjavik-based deCode in a telephone interview.


The level of risk compares with ApoE4, the best-known genetic cause of late-onset Alzheimer’s, the form of the disease that occurs in older adults.


But this new gene variant is 10 times more rare than ApoE4, which is present in about 40 percent of people with late-onset Alzheimer’s.


Rare or not, scientists say the discovery represents a big breakthrough for Alzheimer’s research.


“This is one of the most common, most devastating illnesses in humans and we still don’t have a very good understanding of what causes the disease,” said Dr. Allan Levey, director of the Emory Alzheimer’s Disease Center of Excellence in Atlanta, which helped confirm the deCode findings.


“In my mind, this is very important. It gives us another important clue as to one of the biological factors that contribute to causing the disease,” he said.


Despite numerous costly attempts, drug companies have been stymied in their efforts to develop drugs that can alter the steady course of Alzheimer’s, which affects more than 5 million Americans and costs the United States more than $ 170 billion annually to treat.


Current research efforts have focused on removing sticky clumps of a protein called beta amyloid that accumulate in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease. But several drugs that have been developed to remove these proteins have failed to produce a significant improvement in patients with mild to moderate forms of dementia.


With the new finding, researchers say the focus will turn on the role of inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease.


INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE


TREM2 is a gene that affects a protein expressed on the surface of cells in various tissues that “clean up garbage,” Stefansson said. These cells, called microglia, are often associated with inflammatory response.


A genetic mutation that alters the function of these housekeeping cells could affect how well the brain deals with an excess of toxic proteins from beta amyloid, Stefansson and others said.


And that suggests that even though TREM2 is rare, the way it works in the brain may be important for brain health.


“It is certainly plausible that TREM2 is involved in all of Alzheimer’s disease,” said Andrew Singleton of the National Institute on Aging, who worked on the paper with Hardy and colleagues at University College London.


“I think it may be very generalizable,” Singleton said.


For their study, Hardy and colleagues used a number of gene sequencing techniques to study 988 people with Alzheimer’s disease and 1,004 healthy volunteers.


The team also tested brain tissues from deceased Alzheimer’s patients, and they studied the expression of the TREM2 gene in genetically engineered mice.


For the deCODE study, researchers sequenced the genomes of 2,261 Icelanders and identified variations likely to affect protein function. Then, they looked specifically for these variants in people with Alzheimer’s and those with healthy brains, and found those with the TREM2 variant had a significantly higher risk.


To make sure the gene was not specific to Iceland, they replicated their findings in populations at Emory University in the United States, as well as groups in Norway, the Netherlands and Germany.


“We’ve essentially found exactly the same thing,” said Singleton of the NIA, which is part of the National Institutes of Health. “In a way which you don’t often see in science, the two studies point in the same direction.


In July, a team at deCODE discovered a rare mutation in a gene called APP that protects against Alzheimer’s.


“It is a complex disease,” Stefansson said. “I’m not surprised to see there are many ways to bring about this deterioration in cognitive function.”


Levey said while the TREM2 mutation is rare, it is likely changing the function of brain cells.


“It helps identify the microglial cells as an important possible (drug) target,” he said.


Dr. Ralph Nixon, director of the New York University Center of Excellence on Brain Aging and a scientific adviser to the Alzheimer’s Association, said the findings suggest there are likely many more genes that increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.


“It’s a good illustration that we need to intensify this type of research and identify what these genes are doing so we can finally translate it into therapy,” he said.


(Editing by Cynthia Osterman)


Diseases/Conditions News Headlines – Yahoo! News



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